Boemo ba ho tsosolosa thepa ea polyurethane Chaena
1, semela sa tlhahiso ea polyurethane se tla hlahisa palo e kholo ea likhechana selemo se seng le se seng, ka lebaka la ho tsepamisa mohopolo, ho bonolo ho sebelisoa hape.Limela tse ngata li sebelisa mekhoa ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale ho tsosolosa le ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse setseng.
2. Lisebelisoa tsa litšila tsa polyurethane tse sebelisoang ke bareki ha lia ka tsa sebelisoa hantle.Ho na le likhoebo tse sebetsanang le kalafo ea litšila tsa polyurethane naheng ea China, empa boholo ba tsona li chesitsoe ebile li sebelisoa hape.
3, ho na le liunivesithi tse ngata le litsi tsa lipatlisiso lapeng le kantle ho naha, tse ikemiselitseng ho batla theknoloji ea polyurethane ea lik'hemik'hale le ea baeloji, e hatisitsoeng sephetho se itseng sa thuto.Empa ha e le hantle e kentsoe ts'ebelisong e kholo ea ba fokolang haholo, Jeremane H&S ke e 'ngoe ea tsona.
4, likarolo tsa litšila tsa malapeng tsa China li sa tsoa qala, 'me karolo ea ho qetela ea thepa ea polyurethane e batla e le tlaase,' me ho thata hore likhoebo li tsoele pele ho fumana litšila tsa polyurethane bakeng sa ho sebelisoa hape le ho sebelisoa.Phepelo e sa tsitsang ea lisebelisoa tsa litšila e etsa hore ho be thata hore likhoebo li sebetse.
5. Ha ho na tekanyetso e hlakileng ea ho tjhaja bakeng sa ho sebelisoa hape le ho phekola litšila tse ngata.Mohlala, materase a entsoeng ka polyurethane, insulation ea sehatsetsi, joalo-joalo, ka ntlafatso ea maano le liketane tsa indasteri, likhoebo tse nchafatsang li ka fumana chelete e ngata.
6, Huntsman o ile a qapa mokhoa oa ho tsosolosa libotlolo tsa polasetiki tsa PET, ka mor'a mekhoa e mengata ea ts'ebetso e tiileng, setsing sa lik'hemik'hale tse nang le lisebelisoa tse ling tse tala ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa polyester polyol, metsoako ea sehlahisoa ho fihlela ho 60% ho tloha libotlolong tsa polasetiki tsa PET tse tsosolositsoeng, le polyester. polyol e sebelisoa ho hlahisa thepa ea polyurethane e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tse tala.Hajoale, Huntsman a khona ho sebelisa libotlolo tsa polasetiki tsa PET tse limilione tse likete tse 1 ka selemo, 'me lilemong tse hlano tse fetileng, libotlolo tsa polasetiki tsa PET tse limilione tse 5 li fetotsoe ho lithane tse 130,000 tsa lihlahisoa tsa polyol bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa polyurethane.
Physical Recycling
Mokhoa ona ke theknoloji e sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa ea ho tsosolosa.Foam e bonolo ea polyurethane e siloa hore e be likotoana tsa lisenthimithara tse 'maloa ka crusher,' me sekhomaretsi se sebetsang sa polyurethane se fafatsoa ka har'a motsoako.Likhomaretsi tse sebelisoang ka kakaretso ke motsoako oa foam oa polyurethane kapa li-prepolymers tse thehiloeng ho NCO tse thehiloeng ho polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI).Ha li-adhesives tse thehiloeng ho PAPI li sebelisetsoa ho kopanya le ho etsa, ho kopanya mouoane ho ka boela ha kenngoa. Nakong ea ho kopanya litšila tsa polyurethane, eketsa 90% litšila tsa polyurethane, 10% sekhomaretsi, kopanya ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, o ka boela oa eketsa karolo ea dae, ebe o hatella motsoako oo.
Thermosetting polyurethane foam le lihlahisoa tsa RIM polyurethane li na le tekanyo e itseng ea polasetiki e nolofatsang mocheso sebakeng sa mocheso oa 100-200 ℃.Tlas'a mocheso o phahameng le khatello e phahameng, litšila tsa polyurethane li ka kopanngoa hammoho ntle le sekhomaretsi leha e le sefe.E le ho etsa hore sehlahisoa se tsosolositsoeng se tšoane hantle, litšila li atisa ho siloa ebe li futhumatsoa le ho hatelloa.
Foam e bonolo ea polyurethane e ka fetoha likaroloana tse ntle ka mocheso o tlase oa ho sila kapa ho sila, 'me ho hasana ha karoloana ena ho eketsoa ho polyol, e sebelisetsoang ho etsa foam ea polyurethane kapa lihlahisoa tse ling, eseng feela ho tsosolosa litšila tsa polyurethane, empa. hape ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa lihlahisoa ka katleho.Likahare tsa phofo tse silafalitsoeng ho MDI tse thehiloeng ho batang tse folisang foam e bonolo ea polyurethane li lekantsoe ho 15%, 'me palo e phahameng ea 25% e phofshoana e ka eketsoa ho foam e chesang e chesang ea TDI.
Tšebeliso ea Lik'hemik'hale
Diol hydrolysis ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo ea ho khutlisa lik'hemik'hale.Ka pel'a li-molecular diols tse nyane (tse kang ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol) le li-catalysts (li-amine tsa thuto e phahameng, alcoholamine kapa metsoako ea organometallic), polyurethanes (foams, elastomers, lihlahisoa tsa RIM, joalo-joalo) li noa joala ka mocheso oa hoo e ka bang 200 ° C ka lihora tse 'maloa ho fumana polyols e nchafalitsoeng.Li-polyols tse nchafalitsoeng li ka kopanngoa le li-polyol tse ncha bakeng sa ho etsa thepa ea polyurethane.
Li-polyurethane foams li ka fetoloa ho li-polyols tsa pele tse bonolo le li-polyols tse thata ka amination.Amolysis ke mokhoa oo foam ea polyurethane e sebetsanang le li-amine nakong ea khatello le ho futhumatsa.Li-amine tse sebelisoang li kenyelletsa dibutylamine, ethanolamine, lactam kapa lactam admixture, 'me karabelo e ka etsoa ka mocheso o ka tlaase ho 150 ° C. Sehlahisoa sa ho qetela ha se hloke ho hloekisoa ha foam e entsoeng ka ho toba ea polyurethane 'me e ka nkela sebaka sa polyurethane e lokiselitsoeng ho tloha qalong. polyol.
Dow Chemical e hlahisitse mokhoa oa ho khutlisa lik'hemik'hale tsa amine hydrolysis.Ts'ebetso ena e na le mehato e 'meli: litšila tsa polyurethane li aroloa ho ba aminoester e pharalletseng, urea, amine le polyol ka alkylolamine le catalyst;Ebe karabelo ea alkylation e etsoa ho tlosa li-amine tse nkhang hamonate linthong tse khutlisitsoeng, 'me li-polyols tse nang le ts'ebetso e ntle le 'mala o bobebe lia fumanoa.Mokhoa ona o ka khutlisa mefuta e mengata ea foam ea polyurethane, 'me polyol e fumanoeng e ka sebelisoa mefuteng e mengata ea thepa ea polyurethane.Khampani e boetse e sebelisa mokhoa oa ho tsosolosa lik'hemik'hale ho fumana li-polyols tse tsosolositsoeng ho tloha likarolong tsa RRIM, tse ka sebelisoang hape ho ntlafatsa likarolo tsa RIM ka 30%.
Mokhoa oa Hydrolysis - Sodium hydroxide e ka sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa hydrolysis ho senya li-bubble tse bonolo tsa polyurethane le li-bubble tse thata ho hlahisa polyols le li-amine intermediates, tse sebelisoang e le thepa e tala e sebelisoang hape.
Alkalolysis: polyether le alkali metal hydroxide li sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa ho bola, 'me carbonates e tlosoa ka mor'a ho bola ha lekoeba ho khutlisa polyols le diamine tse nkhang hamonate.
Mokhoa oa ho kopanya alcoholysis le amolysis -- polyether polyol, potasiamo hydroxide le diamine li sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa ho bola, 'me lintho tse tiileng tsa carbonate lia tlosoa ho fumana polyether polyol le diamine.Ho senyeha ha li-bubble tse thata ho ke ke ha aroloa, empa polyether e fumanoang ke karabelo ea propylene oxide e ka sebelisoa ka ho toba ho etsa li-bubble tse thata.Melemo ea mokhoa ona ke mocheso o tlase oa ho bola (60 ~ 160 ℃), nako e khuts'oane le bongata bo boholo ba foam ea ho bola.
Alcohol phosphorus process - polyether polyols le halogenated phosphate ester as decomposition agents, lihlahisoa tsa ho bola ke polyether polyols le ammonium phosphate solid, karohano e bonolo.
Reqra, k'hamphani ea Jeremane ea ho tsosolosa, e khothalletsa theknoloji e theko e tlaase ea ho tsosolosa litšila tsa polyurethane bakeng sa ho tsosolosa litšila tsa lieta tsa polyurethane.Theknoloji ena ea ho tsosolosa, litšila li qala ka ho siloa hore e be likaroloana tsa 10mm, li chesetsoe ka har'a mochine o nang le dispersant ho qhibiliha, 'me qetellong li fumanehe ho fumana polyols ea metsi.
Phenol decomposition method -- Japane e tla senya foam e bonolo ea polyurethane e pshatlehileng le e kopantsoeng le phenol, e futhumetse tlas'a maemo a acidic, carbamate bond e robehileng, e kopantsoe le sehlopha sa phenol hydroxyl, ebe e arabela ka formaldehyde ho hlahisa phenolic resin, eketsa hexamethylenetetramine ho e tiisa. e lokiselitsoeng ka matla a matle le boima, lihlahisoa tse ntle tsa ho hanyetsa mocheso oa phenolic resin.
Pyrolysis - li-bubble tse bonolo tsa polyurethane li ka senyeha ka mocheso o phahameng tlas'a maemo a aerobic kapa anaerobic ho fumana lintho tse mafura, 'me polyols e ka fumanoa ka ho arohana.
Phekolo ea ho khutlisa mocheso le ho lahlela lithōle
Ho khutlisa matla ho tsoa litšila tsa polyurethane ke theknoloji e baballang tikoloho le ea bohlokoa moruong.American Polyurethane Recycling Board e etsa teko eo ho eona 20% ea litšila tse nang le foam e bonolo ea polyurethane e kenngoa sechesong sa litšila se tiileng.Liphetho li bontšitse hore molora le mesi e setseng e ntse e le ka har'a litlhoko tse boletsoeng tsa tikoloho, 'me mocheso o lokollotsoeng ka mor'a hore ho eketsoe lekoeba la litšila haholo ho bolokile tšebeliso ea mafura a khale.Europe, linaha tse kang Sweden, Switzerland, Germany le Denmark le tsona li ntse li etsa liteko ka theknoloji e sebelisang matla a fumanoeng ho chesitsoe litšila tsa mofuta oa polyurethane ho fana ka motlakase le mocheso o futhumatsang.
Foam ea polyurethane e ka siloa ho ba phofo, e ka ba e le 'ngoe kapa ka lipolasetiki tse ling tsa litšila, ho nka sebaka sa phofo ea mashala e ntle ebe e chesoa ka seboping ho khutlisa matla a mocheso.Matla a ho tuka ha manyolo a polyurethane a ka ntlafatsoa ka micropowder.
Ha oksijene e le sieo, mocheso o phahameng, khatello e phahameng le li-catalyst, foams e bonolo ea polyurethane le li-elastomers li ka senyeha ka mocheso ho fumana lihlahisoa tsa khase le oli.Oli ea ho bola e hlahisoang ke mocheso e na le polyols, e hloekisitsoeng mme e ka sebelisoa e le lijo, empa hangata e sebelisoa e le oli ea mafura.Mokhoa ona o loketse ho tsosolosa litšila tse tsoakiloeng le li-plastiki tse ling.Leha ho le joalo, ho bola ha polymer ea nitrogenous joalo ka polyurethane foam ho ka theola mokelikeli.Ho fihlela joale mokhoa ona ha o so amoheloe ka bophara.
Kaha polyurethane ke polima e nang le naetrojene, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ho sebelisoa mokhoa ofe oa ho tsosolosa mollo, maemo a nepahetseng a ho tuka a tlameha ho sebelisoa ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea nitrogen oxides le amines.Lioto tse tukang li hloka ho ba le lisebelisoa tse loketseng tsa ho hloekisa khase ea mosi.
Hona joale palo e kholo ea litšila tsa polyurethane foam e lahleloa ka har'a lithōle.Mafome a mang a ke ke a sebelisoa hape, joalo ka mafome a polyurethane a sebelisoang joalo ka lipeo tsa peo.Joaloka li-plastiki tse ling, haeba thepa e lula e tsitsitse tikolohong ea tlhaho, e tla bokella ka mor'a nako, 'me ho na le khatello tikolohong.Bakeng sa ho senya litšila tsa polyurethane tlas'a maemo a tlhaho, batho ba se ba qalile ho hlahisa resin ea polyurethane e ka senyehang.Ka mohlala, limolek'hule tsa polyurethane li na le lik'habohaedreite, selulose, lignin kapa polycaprolactone le metsoako e meng e ka senyehang.
Phatlalatso ea ho Recycling
Ka 2011, baithuti ba Yale University ba ile ba etsa lihlooho tsa litaba ha ba fumana fungus e bitsoang Pestalotiopsis microspora naheng ea Ecuador.Fungus e khona ho sileha le ho pshatla polasetiki ea polyurethane, esita le tikolohong e se nang moea (anaerobic), e ka etsang hore e sebetse ka tlase ho moo ho qhalloang mobu.
Le hoja moprofesa ea neng a etella pele leeto la lipatlisiso a lemositse khahlanong le ho lebella ho hongata ho tsoa ho liphuputso ka nako e khutšoanyane, ha ho na ho latola boipiletso ba khopolo ea mokhoa o potlakileng, o hloekileng, o se nang thuso le oa tlhaho oa ho lahla litšila tsa polasetiki. .
Lilemo tse 'maloa hamorao, moqapi Katharina Unger oa LIVIN Studio o ile a sebelisana le lefapha la microbiology la Utrecht University ho qala morero o bitsoang Fungi Mutarium.
Ba sebelisitse mycelium (karolo e nepahetseng, e nang le phepo ea li-mushroom) ea li-mushroom tse peli tse tloaelehileng haholo tse jeoang, ho akarelletsa le li-oyster mushroom le schizophylla.Nakong ea likhoeli tse 'maloa, fungus e ile ea senya litšila tsa polasetiki ka ho feletseng ha e ntse e hōla ka tloaelo ho pota-potile pod ea AGAR e jeoang.Kamoo ho bonahalang kateng, polasetiki e fetoha seneke sa mycelium.
Bafuputsi ba bang le bona ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho sebetsa taba ena.Ka 2017, Sehroon Khan, rasaense Setsing sa Lefatše sa Agroforestry, le sehlopha sa hae ba ile ba sibolla fungus e 'ngoe e senyang polasetiki, Aspergillus tubingensis, sebakeng sa polokelo ea lithōle Islamabad, Pakistan.
Fungus e ka hola ka bongata polyester polyurethane nakong ea likhoeli tse peli ebe e e roba likotoana tse nyane.
Sehlopha sa Univesithi ea Illinois, se etelletsoeng pele ke Moprofesa Steven Zimmerman, se thehile mokhoa oa ho senya litšila tsa polyurethane le ho li fetola lihlahisoa tse ling tse molemo.
Moithuti ea fumaneng mangolo Ephraim Morado o na le tšepo ea ho rarolla bothata ba litšila tsa polyurethane ka ho fetola lik'hemik'hale tsa polima.Leha ho le joalo, polyurethanes e tsitsitse haholo 'me e entsoe ka likarolo tse peli tseo ho leng thata ho li senya: isocyanates le polyols.
Polyols ke tsa bohlokoa hobane li tsoa ho petroleum 'me ha li fokotsehe habonolo.E le ho qoba bothata bona, sehlopha se ile sa sebelisa k'hemik'hale ea acetal e senyehang habonolo le ho qhibiliha metsing.Lihlahisoa tse senyehileng tsa li-polymer tse qhibilihisitsoeng tse nang le trichloroacetic acid le dichloromethane mocheso oa kamore li ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tse ncha.E le bopaki ba khopolo, Morado e khona ho fetola li-elastomers, tse sebelisoang haholo ho paka le likarolo tsa likoloi, hore e be li-adhesives.
Empa tšitiso e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea mokhoa ona o mocha oa ho hlaphoheloa ke litšenyehelo le chefo ea thepa e tala e sebelisetsoang ho arabela.Ka hona, bafuputsi ba ntse ba leka ho fumana tsela e molemo le e theko e tlaase ea ho finyella ts'ebetso e tšoanang ka ho sebelisa setlolo se bonolo (joaloka asene) bakeng sa ho senyeha.
Liteko tse ling tsa khoebo
1. Morero oa lipatlisiso oa PUReSmart
2. morero oa FOAM2FOAM
3. Tenglong Brilliant: Ho tsosolosa lisebelisoa tsa ho kenya polyurethane bakeng sa thepa ea mohaho e hlahang
4. Adidas: Seeta se mathang se ka sebelisoang hape
5. Salomon: Ho tsosolosa liteki tse tletseng tsa TPU ho etsa lieta tsa ski
6. Cosi: Chuang o sebelisana le Komiti ea Ts'ebetso ea Mattress ho ntšetsa pele moruo oa selikalikoe
7. Khamphani ea Jeremane ea H & S: Theknoloji ea polyurethane foam alcoholysis bakeng sa ho etsa materase a seponche
Nako ea poso: Aug-30-2023